Barriers to a circular economy in small- and medium-sized enterprises and their integration in a sustainable strategic management framework

A circular economy limits the consumption of virgin resources, fosters cleaner production, and promotes efficient utilization resources. However, many companies still struggle with its implementation. In this study, we explore barriers that encounter internally externally when implementing measures. Based on 59 interviews Swiss small- medium-sized enterprise managers from three industries, identify six company-internal (risk aversion, short-term orientation, economically dominated thinking, unwillingness to engage in trade-offs, shortage lack knowledge) four levels company-external (technology, market, legislative, society consumers). We further their interrelationships integrate them into a holistic sustainable strategic management framework. Finally, present broader recommendations building study